Once an organism is decoupled from these cycles (i.e., death), then the carbon-14 decays until essentially gone.The half-life of a radioactive isotope (usually denoted by $$t_$$) is a more familiar concept than $$k$$ for radioactivity, so although Equation $$\ref$$ is expressed in terms of $$k$$, it is more usual to quote the value of $$t_$$.

This process begins when an organism is no longer able to exchange Carbon with their environment.The carbon-14 isotope would vanish from Earth's atmosphere in less than a million years were it not for the constant influx of cosmic rays interacting with molecules of nitrogen (NFigure 1: Diagram of the formation of carbon-14 (forward), the decay of carbon-14 (reverse).Carbon-14 is constantly be generated in the atmosphere and cycled through the carbon and nitrogen cycles.Thus, the Turin Shroud was made over a thousand years after the death of Jesus.

The technique of radiocarbon dating was developed by Willard Libby and his colleagues at the University of Chicago in 1949.From that point on, scientist have used these techniques to examine fossils, rocks, and ocean currents and determine age and event timing.

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